Hydrogeology is the study of the interactions between water and geologic materials. Several aspects such as the distribution, movement and chemistry of water are affected by the geology of the medium through which it passes.

Research at the University of Kentucky has demonstrated that reclamation techniques that incorporate the use of loose-dumped spoil rather than compaction promote tree growth. However, further knowledge regarding the hydrological, water quality and sedimentological aspects of loose-dumped spoil is needed to better assist stakeholders their design and planning processes.

To help answer questions regarding the hydrogeological aspects of loose-dumped spoil, researchers at the University of Kentucky has established research and demonstration sites at Bent Mountain surface mine near Meta, Kentucky and at Big Elk surface mine (formerly Starfire) near Hazard, Kentucky.